How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
The most common method for assessing bone mineral density (BMD) is through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a procedure known for its speed, lack of discomfort, and noninvasiveness. During a DXA exam, a scanner emits low levels of x-rays over your body while you recline on a padded table. This allows for the measurement of BMD at critical sites prone to fractures, including the hip and spine.
Alongside the BMD exam, it’s important that you get your Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) measured. This additional measurement is essential for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of your bone health because it provides valuable information about the quality of your bone, which cannot be fully assessed by a BMD exam alone.
Getting diagnosed with osteoporosis: step-by-step
- Understand your risk: your general practitioner will discuss your medical history, lifestyle habits, and any previous bone-related issues to assess your risk factors for osteoporosis.
- Clinical evaluation: during a physical examination, your healthcare provider will check for signs of bone loss, such as changes in posture or height loss.
- Specialist: your general practitioner may refer you to a specialist such as an endocrinologist, rheumatologist, orthopedic surgeon, or a bone health specialist for further evaluation and management.
- DXA exam: your general practitioner or specialist will arrange for you to undergo a DXA exam at the nearest facility. During this appointment, you will undergo a BMD test. Simultaneously conducting a TBS test alongside the BMD test is essential for a comprehensive evaluation of your bone health. Your GP or specialist will arrange for you to visit facilities that offer TBS testing.
- Blood tests: blood tests may be done to check calcium, vitamin D, and other markers related to bone health.
- Diagnosis: based on your test results and clinical evaluation, your healthcare provider will determine if you have osteoporosis or osteopenia.
- Treatment plan: if diagnosed with osteoporosis, your healthcare provider will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan, which may include lifestyle changes, medications, and regular follow-up appointments.
