Summary
We ascertained the fracture risk factors stratified by vertebral and non-vertebral sites in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) females. Bone/muscle features, but not disease activity, were the main markers for fractures in this long-standing RA population: low trabecular bone score (TBS) for vertebral fracture and decreased appendicular muscle mass for non-vertebral fracture.
Purpose
To assess risk factors for fractures, including clinical, laboratory and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters (bone mass, trabecular bone score—TBS, muscle mass) in women with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Methods
Three hundred females with RA (ACR, 2010) were studied. Clinical data were obtained by questionnaire and disease activity by composite indices (DAS28, CDAI, SDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Bone mineral density (BMD), TBS, body composition and Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA) were performed by DXA. Logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors independently associated with vertebral (VF) and non-vertebral fractures (NVF), separately.
Results
Through rigorous eligibility criteria, a total of 265 women were yielded for final data analysis (median age, 55 [22–86] years; mean disease duration, 16.2 years). Prevalence of VF and NVF were 30.6% and 17.4%, respectively. In multivariate analyzes, TBS (OR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.09–2.36, p = 0.017), CRP (OR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.15–2.08, p = 0.004), and parathormone (OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.05–1.45, p = 0.009) were risk factors for VF, whereas low appendicular muscle mass (OR = 2.71; 95%CI = 1.01–7,28; p = 0.048), body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.82–0.99; p = 0.025), ESR (OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.01–1,38, p = 0,038) and hip BMD (OR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.10–3.03, p = 0.02) were associated with NVF.
Conclusion
In women with long-term RA, markers of fractures differed between distinct skeletal sites (vertebral and non-vertebral). The magnitude of association of bone/muscle parameters with fracture (TBS for VF and appendicular muscle mass for NVF) was greater than that of the association between RA activity and fracture. TBS seems to have greater discriminative power than BMD to identify subjects with VF in long-standing RA.
